The forging sector has seen significant development. It can find new applications thanks to the use of various technologies and procedures, which increases the process's productivity and efficiency. The forging technique has been used in machinery, agriculture, construction, automobiles, and other industries due to the ongoing advancements in science and technology.
Forging techniques like open and closed die forging are among the most popular. Both methods have different branches, but they both come from the same basic forging process of crushing material to form it and add strength at the granular level.
Free Forging or Free Forging: Using several dies to surround the metal confines it to a single location rather than enclosing it. The deformation process starts between these free molds. The metal is pressed to change its shape in accordance with the finished product using a mold hammer and stamp to generate a tapping pattern.
The metal is not melted during this procedure; rather, it is compressed with great force. The material is deformed by a continuous striking motion with the forging hammer.
A metal component is subjected to intense pressure in a closed die to change shape during press forging, also known as closed-die forging. Depending on the substance being processed, the process may necessitate periodic heating.
The closed die forging process begins with the creation of a mold, followed by the heating and insertion of a metal rod into the mold, whereupon force is applied to shape the metal rod into the mold. This method is more exact and results in a completed product that needs less machine finishing.
Applications of closed and open die forging: The fundamental variation in application is the size of the product, and differences in the forging process result in different final products. Using a constant hammering motion, the forging process alters the metal at the grain level.
Because open die forging does not use a predetermined die size and lacks precision, it is a rough forging technique. This technique works well for forging larger, heavier metal components, including forged shafts and rollers, which are used in railway applications but don't require a lot of machining to produce ultra-finished goods.
Better microstructure as a result of tiny particle size and continuous flow are benefits of this method. The final product has almost no cavities and little material waste. Although this forging technique is economical, the finished product's shape needs machine finishing because it is not accurate.
Forging on a closed die is best suited for intricate processes. The procedure is excellent for creating forged car parts or forged accessories, even if the materials used may be the same as in free forging. The procedure has no constraints on the choice of materials and often increases strength. In summary, each process has a unique combination of uses and constraints.
